Review and Perspectives on Human Emotion for Connected  Automated Vehicles

Review and Perspectives on Human Emotion for Connected Automated VehiclesWenbo Li1 · Guofa Li2 · Ruichen Tan5 · Cong Wang1 · Zemin Sun3 · Ying Li4 · Gang Guo2 · Dongpu Cao1 · Keqiang Li1Received: 28 September 2022 / Accepted: 1 September 2023 / Published online: 30 January 2024© The Author(s) 2024AbstractThe progression toward automated driving and the latest advancement in vehicular networking have led to novel and natural human-vehicle-road systems, in which afective human-vehicle interaction is a crucial factor afecting the acceptance, safety, comfort, and trafc efciency of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). This development has inspired increasing interest in how to develop afective interaction framework for intelligent cockpit in CAVs. To enable afective human-vehicle interactions in CAVs, knowledge from multiple research areas is needed, including automotive engineering, transportation engineering, human–machine interaction, computer science, communication, as well as industrial engineering. However, there is currently no systematic survey considering the close relationship between human-vehicle-road and human emotion in the human-vehicle-road coupling process in the CAV context. To facilitate progress in this area, this paper provides a comprehensive literature survey on emotion-related studies from multi-aspects for better design of afective interaction in intelligent cockpit for CAVs. This paper discusses the multimodal expression of human emotions, investigates the human emotion experiment in driving, and particularly emphasizes previous knowledge on human emotion detection, regulation, as well as their applications in CAVs. The promising research perspectives are outlined for researchers and engineers from diferent research areas to develop CAVs with better acceptance, safety, comfort, and enjoyment for users.Keywords Intelligent vehicles · Intelligent cockpit · Human-machine interaction · Emotion recognition · Emotion regulation